Avian influenza is an infectious viral disease of poultry from the Orthomyxoviridae family, which can be seen in various forms (subacute, acute and subclinical) in most poultry species of different ages with gastrointestinal-respiratory, nervous symptoms and reduced production. This disease is also known as fowl plague.

Epidemiology of bird flu disease:

Resistance of the pathogenic agent against physico-chemical factors:

1- In general, influenza virus is unstable in nature.

2-Physical factors including heat, Ph and dryness increase this virus of bird flu.

3- Chemical disinfectants such as formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, beta-probiolactone, phenolic compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds and sodium hypochlorite 0.05% inactivate the bird flu virus.

5- Cooking infected chicken meat and eggs at a temperature of 70 degrees Celsius kills the virus.

6- HPAI virus or super acute avian influenza virus survives in poultry litter for 45 days at 4°C and 6 days at 37°C. Nasal secretions, poultry feces, low temperature and humid environment prolong the life of AI virus.

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The method of transmission of bird flu disease:

1- Migratory and aquatic birds have been reported all over the world as reservoirs and sources of avian influenza viruses (bird flu) from one bird to another through contaminated water or food (up to one year) and in industrial poultry for up to 36 days. .

4- Due to the slow transmission speed of influenza viruses, especially the HPAI virus, in natural or experimental infection, the faecal-oral route may be the best way to transmit the influenza virus.

5- Transmission of the virus through the air occurs up to 70 meters.

6- Turkeys that have recovered from bird flu remain virus carriers for several months and are considered as a source of infection to other birds.

7- Avian flu virus may infect a large number of livestock and the issue of interspecies barriers in the ecology of this disease is less important, so mammals and other species should be considered as a potential source of bird flu viruses. There are documented reasons that show that the virus under the H1N1 serotype is easily spreading among pigs, humans and turkeys, and the introduction of the turkey virus is well established.

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A new era has begun in which poultry farmers are moving towards using production systems with limited or no antibiotics, which means for poultry farmers the demand and search for natural and proven safe options for their chickens.

Global consumer demand for antibiotic-free chicken meat has put pressure on food suppliers and they are also challenging manufacturers to provide a product that meets these characteristics. Manufacturers have used edible coccidiostats to control coccidiosis and protozoals And they used antibiotics to destroy bacterial diseases. Chemical treatments are not routinely used in feed in many countries, especially EU countries, and are now only done at the discretion of veterinarians to control a specific disease. As such, manufacturers are looking for natural and proven safe options. .

Broiler chicken vitamin and mineral supplement

The next generation of mannan oligosaccharides

Cerevisiae mannans are natural food options such as oligosaccharides (MOS) obtained from the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (as the most important industrial yeast for the production of biochemical products). Mannan oligosaccharides have long been known for their ability to prevent the accumulation of pathogenic agents in the intestine, such as salmonella and Escherichia coli in poultry. The second generation of MRF, which is derived from mannan oligosaccharides, has a higher concentration and can be used with a low concentration in the poultry diet with the same benefits, for example, in the experiments that have been conducted, positive effects on weight gain and feed conversion ratio of chickens that They were given MRF compared to chickens fed the supplement

It was not observed. The amount of watery feces can be used as an indicator of the health of chickens and their disease status, and wet bedding is a major problem in commercial production. Research has shown that feeding chickens with MRF compared to the control group that was not given MRF significantly improved the amount of watery feces, and in chickens fed with bacitracin methylene disalicylate, statistically compared It was not significant with chickens that were given MRF. A meta-analysis has shown that the consumption of MRF was due to a significant increase in the average weight (0.08) (kg) and a decrease in the average feed conversion ratio (0.033) in promotion. Broiler efficiency is effective. The results of the meta-analysis for all trials that include MRF and are comparable show that, statistically, the performance of the broiler groups fed MRF in their diet is similar compared to the groups that were fed with antibiotics, and this indicates the potential of antibiotic replacement. Biotics are natural options.

Multifactorial Intestinal Diseases in Poultry By eliminating preventive antibiotics, the treatment of multifactorial infections such as coccidiosis is a common problem in poultry breeding, and the spread of Campylobacter (Campylobacter) remains a challenge. Birds attack and cause structural damage, inflammation and increased mucus secretion.

Such injuries lead to malabsorption of nutrients, diarrhea and, in serious cases, death. Globally, it is estimated that the financial losses caused by coccidiosis are more than 3 billion dollars annually. Poultry farmers have been encouraged to reduce the negative effects and public health risks of these diseases by using improved management strategies and natural feed options such as MRF along with other gut activators, including plant extracts, research has shown. have shown that the combination of MRF and plant extracts (MRF-PL) reduced oocyte shedding by Eimeria parasite by 14%. It has also improved the feed conversion ratio in broiler chickens from 1.77 to 1.33 even though they were previously vaccinated against coccidiosis.

Among histomoniasis, another protozoan pathogen that mainly affects poultry is histomoniasis, which is usually associated with blackhead disease (BD) in turkeys. The protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridi, together with Escherichia coli, leads to infectious enterohepatitis, by which the protozoa and bacteria multiply in the intestine enter the blood stream through the cecum, and cause clinical lesions in the liver of poultry. Relevance: The protozoa and bacteria seen in blackhead disease show that adjusting the intestinal microbiota and improving its overall health can

It is beneficial to prevent and reduce clinical symptoms and mortality. Coccidiosis (coccidiosis and blackhead disease) co-infection causes severe economic impact due to clinical disease. Experiments conducted on broiler chickens infected with histomoniasis have shown that MRF and plant extracts from a common drug such as Histostat performed better in both feed conversion ratio and mortality rate, and cecal and liver ulcers in broiler chickens. reduces a lot.

Campylobacteriosis

Campylobacter is one of the main concerns for human health due to the consumption of contaminated carcasses. Poultry may not be affected by this bacteria, but the pathogen is usually present in their intestines, which can be transferred to the meat during processing. Studies have shown that feeding diets containing MRF significantly reduces the amount of Campylobacter accumulation in the cecum of broiler chickens and thus improves weight gain. It is thought that the effect of MRF is non-